Ji Kwan Lee , Jae Bum Lee , Dong Jun Lee , Sung Un Park

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Abstract

This study was conducted in order to make suggestions for setting the direction of future research on Qigong exercise, and for this purpose, it explored major trends of research in Qigong-related dissertations and scientific theses published in Korea. Data were collected from journal articles and dissertations published in Korea from 1994 to 2014, and collected data were examined using the content analysis method. Data were analyzed through the inter-rater agreement method, and after frequencies(N) and percentages(%) were calculated according to sample size, data were analyzed according to research type, research theme, and data processing method. From the results of this study were found yearly trends and directions in Qigong-related research works published in Korea, and was confirmed that recent studies are conducted multi-disciplinarily through the fusion of different academic areas. Based on the contents of these studies, it is suggested that future research on Qigong exercise should be inter-disciplinary and multidisciplinary, integrating scientific concepts and using balanced research methods.

Key Words

Qigong exercise, scientific, research Methods, setting the directions

Yong Chae Rhee , Yukyoum Kim , Kayoung Kim

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Abstract

Key Words

Sarah E. Merkel , Kyungmo Han , Emily H. Wughalter , Jessica W. Chin

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Abstract

The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of tool-assisted massage and passive stretching on hamstring flexibility. Twenty-one healthy college baseball players (age = 20.2 ± 1.5 yrs, height = 181.4 ± 5.9 cm, mass = 82.5 ± 8.5 kg) participated in the study. The participants were randomly assigned to 1 of the following 3 groups: passive stretching (PAS, n = 6); passive stretch and tool-assisted friction massage (FUZ, n = 7); or control (CON, n = 8). The interventions took place 6 days a week for 3 weeks, Sunday through Friday, for a period of 18 days on both legs. The PAS group received 3, 30-second repetitions of passive hip flexion with the knee fully extended. The FUZ group received the PAS group stretching treatment plus a 5-minute tool-assisted friction massage, 2 times a week for 6 treatments (2 days rest between treatment days). The participants’ hamstring flexibility was measured employing the passive knee extension test. The baseline knee extension angle (KEA) was measured 1 day prior to the first stretching session day on both legs, and KEA was measured again on the day after the last stretching session to determine outcome difference. At baseline, there were no significant differences in the right leg (RL) between groups (PAS vs. FUZ, p = .957; PAS vs. CON, p = .713; FUZ vs. CON, p = .509) and left leg (LL) for the KEA measurement. Post data indicated a significant increase in hamstring flexibility for the PAS (RL, p = .001; LL = .001) and FUZ group (RL, p = .001; LL, p = .001). However, there were no significant differences in hamstring flexibility between the PAS and FUZ group for either the right or left leg (RL, p = .789; LL, p = 0.590). While passive stretching is an effective method to increase hamstring flexibility, in this sample the use of tool-assisted massage in conjunction with passive stretching did not provide additional hamstring flexibility. This may be due to number of repetitions, duration, or frequency of stretching and application of tool-assisted massage protocol of the treatment.

Key Words

manual therapy, tool-assisted soft tissue mobilization, passive stretching, hamstring muscles, ST3 Fuzion

Junyoung Cho , Joon Young Han

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Abstract

Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) is a school-wide prevention strategy that is currently implemented in thousands of schools across the nation that aims to create positive behavioral changes particularly in youth at risk. Sport for development (SDP) projects, a universal practices utilizing sport as a vehicle for social change in positive manners, have increasingly been conducted worldwide. Although the purposes of these two developmental concepts have a firmly relevant rapport, academic attempts dealing with both concepts have been ignored. As an initial effort, this study introduces four theories that are quite applicable in both concepts so as to enhance the rationale of promoting affiliated practices for achieving common goals sought by two concepts.

Key Words

PBIS, SDP, Misbehaving Youth Sports

Bumsoo Park , Charles Reid , Amy Chan Hyung Kim , Kwang Min Cho

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to analyze the Korean professional baseball spectator experience using Critical Incident Technique (CIT). The data were collected from 240 people who visited Jamsil baseball stadium over the course of 2013 to 2014. This collection yielded a total of 240 positive and 240 negative incidents of the spectator experience. Positive experiences were categorized into two major categories, five subcategories and nine items. Spectators who had a positive experience because of players and coaches, events, and staff were more likely to have a positive team image and revisit intention. Second, negative experience of spectator was analyzed and classified with two major categories, five subcategories and 12 items. Spectators who had a negative experience regarding human related service (i.e. player, staff, coach) tended to have a negative team image and lower level of revisit intention.

Key Words

CIT, Service quality, Spectator, Experience, Team image, Revisit intention

Minyong Lee , Howon Jeong , Joon Young Han

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Abstract

The purpose of the current study is (a) to identify whether similar or different motives contribute to spectator attendance at non-revenue intercollegiate sports, (b) to examine the relationship between attendance motivational factors (empathy, social interaction, family, team effort, team affiliation, achievement, entertainment, skill, drama, and escape) and attendance level at three NCAA Division I sporting events (men’s ice hockey, women’s volleyball, and women’s ice hockey), and (c) to investigate the differential effects of sociodemographic variables on the attendance motives. Subjects for this study came from 291 fans attending those sport events at a large public university in the Northeast. The results of the MANOVA procedures exhibited that spectators of all three sports rated sport-related motives (i.e., entertainment, skill, and drama) rated higher than the motives pertaining to self-definition (i.e., achievement, empathy, and team affiliation) and motives related to personal benefits (i.e., escape and family). Overall, entertainment and family factors were found to be positivelypredictive of actual game attendance variables and 10.3% of variance was explained by the Motivation Scale for Sport Consumption (MSSC). Males rated each of the motives higher than females while females appeared to indicate that attending with family was a greater concern than for males.

Key Words

motivational factors, non-revenue sports, intercollegiate sports, sport consumption